Working Principles of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The power system of hybrid electric vehicles mainly consists of control system, drive system, auxiliary power system, and battery pack.
Taking series hybrid electric vehicles as an example, introduce the working principle of hybrid electric vehicles.
At the beginning of vehicle operation, the battery is in a fully charged state, and its energy output can meet the requirements of the vehicle. The auxiliary power system does not need to work. When the battery level is below 60%, the auxiliary power system starts: When the vehicle's energy demand is high, the auxiliary power system and battery pack simultaneously provide energy to the driving system; When the energy demand of the vehicle is low, the auxiliary power system provides energy for the driving system and also charges the battery pack. Due to the presence of battery packs, the engine operates in a relatively stable operating condition, resulting in improved emissions.
Hybrid electric vehicles use smaller engines that can meet the cruising needs of the vehicle, relying on electric motors or other auxiliary devices to provide additional power for acceleration and hill climbing. The result is an improvement in overall efficiency without sacrificing performance. Hybrid vehicles are designed to recover braking energy. In traditional cars, when the driver applies the brake, the energy that could have been used to accelerate the car is wasted as heat. However, hybrid vehicles can mostly recover this energy and temporarily store it for use during acceleration. When the driver wants maximum acceleration, the gasoline engine and electric motor work in parallel, providing comparable starting performance to a powerful gasoline engine. In situations where acceleration is not highly required, hybrid vehicles can be driven solely by electric motors, or solely by gasoline engines, or a combination of the two to achieve maximum efficiency. For example, using a gasoline engine while cruising on the highway. When driving at low speeds, it can be driven solely by an electric motor without the assistance of a gasoline engine. Even when the engine is turned off, the electric power steering system can still maintain its control function, providing greater efficiency than traditional hydraulic systems.